Document 0002
 DOCN  M9470002
 TI    Salmonella typhimurium activates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in
       chronically infected promonocytic cells by inducing tumor necrosis
       factor-alpha production.
 DT    9409
 AU    Andreana A; Gollapudi S; Kim CH; Gupta S; Division of Basic and Clinical
       Immunology, University of; California, Irvine 92717.
 SO    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 May 30;201(1):16-23. Unique Identifier
       : AIDSLINE MED/94256973
 AB    The effect of phagocytosis of Salmonella typhimurium on human
       immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) production was investigated using
       a chronically infected promonocytic cell line (U1) that contains HIV-1
       provirus but produces little or no HIV-1. The phagocytosis of virulent
       S. typhimurium by U1 cells resulted in an increased HIV-1 expression as
       evidenced by significant increase in HIV-1 p24 antigen in culture
       supernatants. In contrast, heat-killed S. typhimurium failed to induce
       HIV-1 expression. In addition, phagocytosis of virulent S. typhimurium
       and not of heat-killed S. typhimurium resulted in a significant
       induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA expression and
       secretion of TNF-alpha by U1 cells. Furthermore, anti-TNF-alpha
       monoclonal antibody inhibited S. typhimurium-induced HIV-1 p24 antigen
       production. These data suggest that S. typhimurium induces HIV-1
       expression in U1 cells via production of TNF-alpha.
 DE    Cell Line  Gene Expression  Human  HIV Core Protein p24/METABOLISM  HIV
       Infections/*COMPLICATIONS  HIV-1/*GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
       Monocytes/MICROBIOLOGY  Phagocytosis  RNA, Messenger/GENETICS
       Salmonella typhimurium/*IMMUNOLOGY  Salmonella
       Infections/COMPLICATIONS/*IMMUNOLOGY  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  Tumor
       Necrosis Factor/GENETICS/*METABOLISM  Virus Replication  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).